Adrenal Gland Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Adrenal Gland/Adrenocorticol carcinoma)

Adenocarcinoma is a malignant (one that can spread throughout the body) cancer of the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are paired organs that sit on top of the kidneys in the back of the upper abdom

Benign pigmented lesions (moles)(Benign melanocytic lesions (moles))

Benign pigmented lesions refer to a wide range of abnormalities that can be found on the skin, including:

Bladder Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder)

[[Anim 259]] Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder is a rarer type of bladder cancer. The majority of bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas that arise in the urinary tract epithelium and c

Bladder Cancer (Transitional cell carcinoma of the Bladder)

[[Anim 259]] A type of bladder cancer is Transitional cell carcinoma of the Bladder. The bladder functions as a waste storage system for urine. Urine is produced by the kidneys as they filter the

Bone Cancer (Chondrosarcoma of Cartilage)

Chondosarcoma of Cartilage is characterised by one or more tumours of the cartilage. Cartilage is a highly specialised avascular form of connective tissue. It consists of chondrocytes and the extr

Bowel Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Caecum)

Bowel Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the caecum) may be of the Adenocarcinoma type and usually arise from the epithelium lining the inside of the large bowel which lines the large intestine. The colon is p

Brain Cancer (Glioblastoma Multiforme of the Brain)

Glioblastoma multiforme is a cancer of astrocytes. Astrocytes support the nerve cells of the brain. The brain is the control centre for the body. It is comprised of millions of individual nerve ce

Brain Tumour(Astrocytoma of the Brain)

Brain tumours are responsible for as much as 20% of childhood cancers. Most tumors arising within the brain start in brain cells called astrocytes, resulting in astrocytomas.

Brain tumour (Glioma of the Brain)

Brain tumour may be of theGlioma type and usually arise from the glial cells which support the nerve cells. The brain is the control centre for the body. It is comprised of millions of individual

Breast Cancer (Carcinoma of the Breast)

[[Anim 3]] Adenocarcinoma of the breast is a form of breast cancer originating in the milk ducts and

Breast Cancer (Inflammatory Carcinoma of the Breast)

[[Anim 3]] Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare and aggressive form of invasive breast cancer, wher

Breast Cancer (Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast)

[[Anim 3]] Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast is one of the main types of breast cancer. The Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast is one of the main types of breast cancer. The breast is an organ designed to manufacture

Breast Pain

Breast pain (mastalgia) and other breast changes are common from early development in girls, through menstruation and f

Burkitt's lymphoma

Burkitt's lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system, which can be further divided into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Cancer of the Bile Duct (Cholangiocarcinoma Biliary Cancer)

Cancer of the bile duct or cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer that arises from the bile ducts. There are the tubes that connect the liver and the gallbladder. The tubes transport bile to the small intesti

Cancer of the larynx (Laryngeal cancer, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx)

Larynx cancer (squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx). In oncology squamous cell cancers of the head and neck are often considered together because they share many

Cancer of the Penis (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis)

Penile cancer arises on the penis. The usual location for the malignancy is in the glans, corona and/or frenulum.

Cancer of the Stomach (Lymphoma of the Stomach)

[[Anim 260]] Stomach Cancer may be of the Lymphoma type and usually arise from the lymphatic cell which are found in the wall of the stomach. The stomach is the organ whi

Cancer pain

Cancer Pain is one of the complications of cancer diseases. Because of the chronic and progressive nature of the disease, cancer pain is a common cause of chronic pain

Carcinoid tumour and carcinoid syndrome

Carcinoid tumour is a type of neuroendocrine tumour. Neuroendocrine tumours are tumours of the neuroendocrine cells that secrete regulatory hormones and are present in the nervous and endocrine/hormon

Cerebral Lymphoma

Cerebral lymphomas involve the central nervous system (CNS). They may be primary (found only within the CNS) or secondary (spread from other sources in the body). The lymphatic system is part of t

Cervical Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix)

Cervix cancers may be of the Squamous Cell Carcinoma type and usually arise from the epithelium lining the cervix. 90% of all carcinomas of the cervix are of the squamous cell type. The cervix is

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

[[Anim 263]] Leukaemia is the name for a cancer where there is a malignant proliferation of stem cells within the bone marrow. Leukaemic blast cells suppress the normal formation of blood cells (ha

Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

[[Anim 261]] Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia usually arises from the precursors of myeloid cells which would subsequently, in normal circumstances, evolve into normal white cells. Bone marrow is found in

Chronic Pain Syndrome

Chronic pain syndrome encompasses any pain that persists longer than the reasonable expected healing time for the involved tissues. The duration of

Colon Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Colon)

[[Anim 63]] Colon cancer may be of the adenocarcinoma type and usually arises from the epithelium (layer of cells) lining the inside of the Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's. Cutaneous T cel

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)

Lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system, which can be further divided into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Diffu

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a disorder that affects the blood clotting cascade. This disorder occurs when your body's clotting mechanisms are activated inappropriately. DIC can oc

Endochondroma (chondroma, Ollier's disease)

Chondroma is a benign (does not spread throughout body) tumour of cartilage. When chondromas form within the medullary cavity within the bone they are called endochondromas. Olliers disease is a syndr

Ewings Sarcoma

Ewings sarcoma is a primary malignant "small round cell" tumour of bone. The small cells that make up the tumour resemble those of lymphoma or neuroblastoma, and current evidence suggests that the tum

Follicular lymphoma

Follicular Lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system. There are two broad categories of lymphoma: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin'

Glioma of the Spinal Cord

Glioma of the Spinal Cord presents as tumours within the spinal cord. The spinal cord forms part of the central nervous system. It is a cylindrical continuation of the brainstem, commencing from

HIV AIDS (Human Immune Deficiency Virus & Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

[[Anim 2]] HIV is a retrovirus that causes

Hodgkin's Lymphoma

[[Anim 245]] Hodgkin's Lymphoma is a type of lymphoma that usually arises from the lymphocytes found within the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are groups of lymphatic cells held together by connective ti

Hyponatraemia

Hyponatraemia is defined as low levels of sodium in the serum, that is less than 135mmol/L (normal range is between 135mmol/L and 145mmol/L). Sodium is t

Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell Carcinoma)

The kidneys are paired organs in the abdomen of the human body. They filter the blood to remove toxins, waste chemicals and water. This filtered fluid is then concentr

Kidney Disease - Chronic Renal Failure

Chronic Kidney Disaese (CKD, also known as Chronic Renal Failure) is a disease affecting the kidney.

Chronic kidney disease occurs with long

Leiomyosarcoma of Muscle

A leiomyosarcoma is a smooth muscle tumour. Muscle is the tissue responsible for body movements and the changes in the shape and size of internal organs. It consists of parallel arrangements of hi

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

[[Anim 255]] Hepatocellular Carcinoma is a cancer of the liver. The liver is the largest internal organ in the body and is found under the ribs on the right hand side. The functions of the liver ar

Lung Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Lung)

[[Anim 4]] Lung cancers are tumours arising from cells lining the airways of the respiratory system. respiratory system. One type of lung cancer is known as respiratory system. One of the main types

Lymphoblastic lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)

[[Anim 257]] Lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system, and can be further divided into Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Lymphoma of the Brain
Cancers of the Brain may be of the Lymphoma type. Primary lymphomas arise from lymphatic cells found within the brain. Secondary lymphomas arise from outside the central nervous system and deposit wi

Male Breast Cancer (Male breast Carcinoma)
[[Anim 3]] Male breast cancer is a rare but important disease. Many people do not realise that men, as well as women, have breast tis

Malignant Mesothelioma of the Pleura

Virtual Medical Centre Video
Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. MALT lymphoma is

Mantle cell lymphoma
Lymphoma is divided into 2 broad groups: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma h

Mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma
Mediastinal large B cell lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system and can be subdivided into Hodgkin's and
[[Anim 85]] Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin

Metastases of the Brain
Brain metastases are the most feared and common complication of widespread cancer in the body, and as such are a significant cause of death and ill health amongst people with cancer. Metastasis is the

Metastases of the Spinal Cord
Metastatic disease occurs when cancer from one site in the body spreads to another area. The spine is a common area for the spread of cancer and can cause a variety of neurological and bone related sy

Metastases to the Bone
Metastases is the term used to describe the spread of cancer from its site of origin to another location in the body. Bone is one of the most common locations in the body to which cancer metastasises.

Metastases to the Liver
Liver metastases occur in the tissue of the liver, usually close to blood vessels. The liver has the second richest blood supply of the body, and therefore provides a very suitable environment for the

Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) describes a group of bone marrow disorders that are characterised by a defect in stem cells. T

Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is a cancer of childhood that grows in the nervous system.

Neuroendocrine tumour
Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are tumours composed of neuroendocrine cells, which are cells that produce and secrete regulatory hormones and are present throughout the nervous and endocrine/hormonal s

Neutropaenic sepsis
Neutropaenic sepsis is a systemic infection that occurs in the setting of decreased blood neutrophils (granulocytes). A decrease in neutrophils increases the risk of infection, and once microorgan

Nodal Marginal Zone B cell Lymphoma
Lymphoma is divided into 2 broad groups: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has many subtypes -

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
[[Anim 257]] Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma usually arises from the lymphocytes found within the lymph nodes or lymphoid tissue within other organs. Lymph nodes are groups of lymphatic cells held together

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
[[Anim 4]] Lung cancers are one of the most common cancers worldwide. Lung cancers are classified as either small cell lung cancer (SC

Oesophageal Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oesophagus)
Oesophageal cancers may be of the Squamous Cell Carcinoma type and usually arise from the Epithelium which lines the gullet. Squamous cell carcinomas are usually found in the upper 2/3 of the oesophag

Oesophagus cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Oesophagus)
Oesophagus Cancer (cancers of the oesophagus) may be of the Adenocarcinoma type, and usually arise from the glandular cells of the epithelium which lines the lower part of the gullet. The oesophagus i

Oral Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Floor of the Mouth)
Oral Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Floor of the Mouth) in oncology squamous cell cancers of the head and neck are often considered together because they sh

Osteosarcoma (Osteogenic sarcoma)
[[Anim 256]] Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer. The bones of the body are a specialised form of connective tissue that form the majority of the human skeleton. They are comprised of calcium, ph

Ototoxicity

Ototoxicity refers to drug or chemical-related damage to the inner ear,&n

Pancreatic Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas)
Pancreatic cancer is usually an adenocarcinoma and it usually arises from the pancreatic duct cells which make up the major

Papillary Cell of the Thyroid
Thyroid cancers may be of the Papillary Cell type and usually arise from the follicular cells of the thyroid and is likely to be a slow growing tumour. 40% of thyroid tumours are of this type. The

Peripheral T cell lymphoma
Peripheral T cell lymphoma means cancer of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is important to our immune system where it helps to combat infection. The lymphatic system consists of several org

Petechiae skin purpura
A petechia, (plural Petechiae) refers to a small red or purple pin point dot on the body, due to broken cancers of the head and neck are often consider

Pituitary Gland Cancer (Carcinoma of the Pituitary gland)
Pituitary gland cancer presents in the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is a small gland situated in the "sella turcica", a bony cavity at the base of the brain. It is connected to the hypotha

Pleural effusion
[[Anim 213]] A pleural effusion is a disease of the lung. The pleura are thin films of connective tissue, which line both the outer surface of the lu

Primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the brain (PNET)
Primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNET) form a rare group of tumors defined by their appearance - they consist of small round cells in the nervous system. They are thought to develop from primitive

Promyelocytic Leukaemia (PML)

Promyelocytic leukaemia is a malignancy of the bone marrow in which there is a deficiency of mature blood cells in the myeloid line of cells and an excess

Prostate Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate)
[[Anim 5]] Prostate cancer is a malignant cancerous tumour, which arises within the prostate gland. Compared with other types of cancer, prostate cancer is relat

Prostate Cancer (Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate)
[[Anim 5]] Cancers of the Prostate may be of the Neuro-endocrine carcinoma type and usually arise from the neuro-endocrine cells which are found in the gland. These are specialised groups o

Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN)

[[Anim 5]] Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

Rectal Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum)
Rectal cancer may be of the adenocarcinoma type and usually arise from the epithelium (the layer of cells) which lines the large intestine. The colon is part of the large bowel. The large bowel starts

Rhabdomyosarcoma of Muscle
Rhabdomyosarcoma of Muscle is a type of muscle cancer. Muscle is the tissue responsible for movements of the body, and for changes in the shape and size of internal organs. It consists of parallel

Skin Cancer (Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin)
[[Anim 85]] Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin is a cancer of the skin. The skin is the largest organ of the body. It serves as a protective barrier between us and the environment, keeping water in

Skin Cancer (Malignant Skin Melanoma)

[[Anim 85]] Melanomas are cancers of cells known as 'melanocytes' that are present in the skin.

Skin Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin)
[[Anim 85]] Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin is one type of skin cancer. The skin is the largest organ of the body. It serves as a protective barrier between us and the environment, keeping wate

Small bowel cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Small Intestine)
Small bowel cancers include adenocarcinomas, carcinoid tumours, lymphomas, and leimyosarcomas. The small bowel is composed of the duedenun, jejenum, and ileum. It is the part of the Gastro-Intestinal

Small Cell Lung Cancer (Carcinoma of the Lung)
[[Anim 4]] Small cell lung cancer is a type of lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer is thought to arise from neuroendocrine cells which form part of th

Small Intestine Cancer (Lymphoma of the Small Intestine)
Lymphomas of the small bowel may be primary (i.e. arising from the small bowel lymph tissue) or secondary to a systemic lymphoma. The small bowel is composed of the duodenum, jejenum, and ileum. I

Small lymphocytic lymphoma
Lymphoma is divided into 2 broad groups: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has many subtypes -

Soft tissue Sarcomas
Sarcoma is a term used to describe malignant tumours arising from mesenchymal or supportive tissue. Mesenchymal tissue includes connective tissues (e.g. bone, cartilage), blood vessels, lymph vess

Spinal Cord Astrocytoma (Tumour)
An astrocytoma is a rare spinal cord tumour that begins in the brain or spinal cord in star shaped cells called astrocytes - the supporting cells of the nervous system. These tumours may grow quite la

Spinal Cord Cancer (Lymphoma of the Spinal Cord)
Cancers of the spinal cord may be of the Lymphoma type. The spinal cord forms part of the central nervous system. It is a cylindrical continuation of the brainstem, commencing from the medu

Stomach Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach)
[[Anim 260]] Stomach cancer may be of the adenocarcinoma type and usually arise from the epithelium which lines the stomach. The stomach is the organ which acts as a food reservoir and contributes to

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH))
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is the continued ADH secretion in spite of plasma hypotonicity and a normal or expanded plasma volume.

Testicular Cancer (Seminoma of the Testicle)
Seminoma of the Testicle is a type of testicular cancer. The testes are the male gonads, located within the scrotum. They function in production of sperm (spermatogenesis) and production of sex ho

Testicular Cancer (Teratoma of the Testicle)
A type of Testicular cancer is Teratoma of the Testicle. It is a type of germ cell tumour as it arises from sperm precursors. Germ cell tumours are by far the most common testicular tumours. The

Throat cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil)
Throat cancer or squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil is a part of cancers of the head and neck. In oncology squamous cell cancers of the head and neck are often c

Thyroid Cancer (Anaplastic of the Thyroid)
Thyroid Cancer (Anaplastic of the Thyroid) may be of the Anaplastic type and usually arise from the follicular cells located between the thyroid follicles, which are responsible for production of calc

Thyroid Cancer (Follicular Cell of the Thyroid)
Thyroid Cancer may be of the Follicular Cell type and usually arise from the follicular cells of the thyroid. It is usually a slow growing type of tumour. 40% of thyroid tumours are of this ty

Tongue Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue)
In oncology squamous cell cancers of the head and neck are often considered together because they share many similarities - in incidence, cancer type, predisposing

Tonsil Cancer (Lymphoma of the Tonsil)
Tonsil cancer may be of the Lymphoma type and usually arise from the lymphatic cells which are found in the wall of the tonsils. The pharynx is the continuation of the nose and mouth. It is a musc

Tumour Lysis Syndrome
Tumour lysis syndrome is the name given to a collection of metabolic abnormalities that occur following the initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Tumour of unknown primary (TUP)
Tumour of unknown primary is defined as the presence of a metastatic cancer without a known primary site of origin. A malignant tumour (cancer) is made up of an abundance of cancer cells. Some of t

Uterine Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium)
[[Anim 68]] Uterine cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium) is the most common form (85%) of endometrial cancers. The endometrium is the inner lining of the u

Valvae Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva)
The main type of vulvae cancer is Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva. The vulvae are the female external genitalia, consisting of the mons pubis, the labia majora and minora and the clitoris. Th

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (Gastrinoma)
In Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome the primary tumour is located in the pancreas. This type of tumour, however, secretes large quantities of a hormone called "gastrin" which causes the stomach to

Virtual Cancer Centre Full Disease List

Acoustic Neuroma

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Adenocarcinoma of the ovary

Adrenal Gland Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Adrenal Gland/Adrenocorticol carcinoma)

Anaemia of chronic disease

Anal Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus)

Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL)

Benign pigmented lesions (moles)(Benign melanocytic lesions (moles))

Bladder Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder)

Bladder Cancer (Transitional cell carcinoma of the Bladder)

Bone Cancer (Chondrosarcoma of Cartilage)

Bowel Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Caecum)

Brain Cancer (Glioblastoma Multiforme of the Brain)

Brain Tumour(Astrocytoma of the Brain)

Brain tumour (Glioma of the Brain)

Breast Cancer (Carcinoma of the Breast)

Breast Cancer (Inflammatory Carcinoma of the Breast)

Breast Cancer (Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast)

Breast Pain

Burkitt's lymphoma

Cancer of the Bile Duct (Cholangiocarcinoma Biliary Cancer)

Cancer of the larynx (Laryngeal cancer, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx)

Cancer of the Penis (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis)

Cancer of the Stomach (Lymphoma of the Stomach)

Cancer pain

Carcinoid tumour and carcinoid syndrome

Cerebral Lymphoma

Cervical Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix)

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

Chronic Pain Syndrome

Colon Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Colon)

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Endochondroma (chondroma, Ollier's disease)

Ewings Sarcoma

Follicular lymphoma

Glioma of the Spinal Cord

HIV AIDS (Human Immune Deficiency Virus & Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Hyponatraemia

Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell Carcinoma)

Kidney Disease - Chronic Renal Failure

Leiomyosarcoma of Muscle

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

Lung Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Lung)

Lymphoblastic lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)

Lymphoma of the Brain

Male Breast Cancer (Male breast Carcinoma)

Malignant Mesothelioma of the Pleura

Virtual Medical Centre Video

Mantle cell lymphoma

Mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma

Metastases of the Brain

Metastases of the Spinal Cord

Metastases to the Bone

Metastases to the Liver

Multiple Myeloma

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

Neuroblastoma

Neuroendocrine tumour

Neutropaenic sepsis

Nodal Marginal Zone B cell Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Oesophageal Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oesophagus)

Oesophagus cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Oesophagus)

Oral Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Floor of the Mouth)

Osteosarcoma (Osteogenic sarcoma)

Ototoxicity

Pancreatic Cancer (Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas)

Papillary Cell of the Thyroid

Peripheral T cell lymphoma

Petechiae skin purpura

Pituitary Gland Cancer (Carcinoma of the Pituitary gland)

Pleural effusion

Primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the brain (PNET)

Promyelocytic Leukaemia (PML)